Deprecated: Function create_function() is deprecated in /var/www/clients/client0/web4/web/wp-content/plugins/LayerSlider/wp/widgets.php on line 4 Facebook’s new policy Supreme Court could override Zuckerberg – TechCrunch – Browsify Corporation
A real check to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s control is finally coming in the form of an 11 to 40-member Oversight Board that will review appeals to its policy decisions, like content takedowns, and make recommendations for changes. Today Facebook released the charter establishing the theoretically independent Oversight Board, with Zuckerberg explaining that when it takes a stance, “The board’s decision will be binding, even if I or anyone at Facebook disagrees with it.”
Slated to be staffed with members this year, who will be paid by a Facebook-established trust (the biggest update to its January draft charter), the Oversight Board will begin judging cases in the first half of 2020. Given Zuckerberg’s overwhelming voting control of the company, and the fact that its board of directors contains many loyalists, like COO Sheryl Sandberg and investor Peter Thiel whom he’s made very rich, the Oversight Board could ensure the CEO doesn’t always have the final say in how Facebook works.
But in some ways, the committee could serve to shield Zuckerberg and Facebook from scrutiny and regulation, much to their advantage. The Oversight Board could remove total culpability for policy blunders around censorship or political bias from Facebook’s executives. It also might serve as a talking point toward the FTC and other regulators investigating it for potential antitrust violations and other malpractice, as the company could claim the Oversight Board means it’s not completely free to pursue profit over what’s fair for society.
Finally, there remain serious concerns about how the Oversight Board is selected and the wiggle room the charter provides Facebook. Most glaringly, Facebook itself will choose the initial members and then work with them to select the rest of the board, and thereby could avoid adding overly incendiary figures. And it maintains that “Facebook will support the board to the extent that requests are technically and operationally feasible and consistent with a reasonable allocation of Facebook’s resources,” giving it the right to decide if it should apply the precedent of Oversight Board verdicts to similar cases or broadly implement its policy guidance.
How the Oversight Board works
When a user disagrees with how Facebook enforces its policies, and with the result of an appeal to Facebook’s internal moderation team, they can request an appeal to the Oversight Board. Examples of potential cases include someone disagreeing with Facebook’s refusal to deem a piece of content as unacceptable hate speech or bullying, its choice to designate a Page as promoting terrorism and remove it or the company’s decision to leave up problematic content, such as nudity, because it’s newsworthy. Facebook also can directly ask the Oversight Board to review policy decisions or specific cases, especially urgent ones with real-world consequences.
After Zuckerberg initially laid out a blueprint for the Oversight Board a year ago, Facebook assigned a 100-person team to build out the plan for the board. It held six workshops and 22 round-tables, plus case-review simulations with 650 people from 88 countries.
The board will include a minimum of 11 members, but Facebook is aiming for 40. They’ll serve three-year terms and a maximum of three terms each as a part-time job, with appointments staggered so there isn’t a full change-over at any time. Facebook is looking for members with a broad range of knowledge, competencies and expertise who lack conflicts of interest. They’re meant to be “experienced at deliberating thoughtfully and collegially,” “skilled at making and explaining decisions based on a set of policies,” “well-versed on matters relating to digital content and governance” and “independent and impartial.”
Facebook will appoint a set of trustees that will work with it to select initial co-chairs for the board, who will then assist with sourcing, vetting, interviewing and orienting new members. The goal is “broad diversity of geographic, gender, political, social and religious representation.” The trust, funded by Facebook with an as yet undecided amount of capital, will set members’ compensation rate in the near future and oversee term renewals.
Inevitable calls of biased board members
My biggest worry here is how Facebook will handle the fact that it’s trying to represent an extraordinarily vast set of global policy perspectives…broader than any one country’s laws. What’s taboo or even illegal in one nation may be common or lauded in another. Facebook may see endless challenges from different segments of the public regarding the previous public statements by board members.
What Facebook’s own staff in California might see as an uncontroversial viewpoint could trigger calls for removal from the board elsewhere. We’ve seen how common “cancelled” culture has become when the public digs up problematic content from celebrities or politicians, and that’s just based on what flies in the United States.
For example, Republican senators just bullied Facebook into removing a fact-check that found the statement “abortion is never medically necessary” to be false, allowing that viewpoint to spread uninhibited on the social network. I personally wouldn’t want someone with that viewpoint on the Oversight Board, but others might feel the opposite. And what happens when politicians start demanding more conservative representation on the Oversight Board the same way they’ve badgered Facebook for supposedly censoring them despite evidence to the contrary?
BARCELONA, SPAIN – FEBRUARY 21: Founder and CEO of Facebook Mark Zuckerberg gives his speech during the presentation of the new Samsung Galaxy S7 and Samsung Galaxy S7 edge on February 21, 2016 in Barcelona, Spain. (Photo by David Ramos/Getty Images)
Which cases get reviewed?
The board will choose which cases to review based on their significance and difficulty. They’re looking for issues that are severe, large-scale and important for public discourse, while raising difficult questions about Facebook’s policy or enforcement that is disputed, uncertain or represents tension or trade-offs between Facebook’s recently codified values of authenticity, safety, privacy and dignity. The board will then create a sub-panel of five members to review a specific case.
The board will be able to question the request that Facebook provide information necessary to rule on the case with a mind to not violating user privacy. They’ll interpret Facebook’s Community Standards and policies and then decide whether Facebook should remove or restore a piece of content and whether it should change how that content was designated. Verdicts are meant to have consensus, but will be approved by majority when necessary.
How decisions get made
Once a panel makes a draft decision, it’s circulated to the full board, which can recommend a new panel review if a majority take issue with the verdict. Once they’ve gone through a privacy review to protect the identities of those involved with the case, the decisions will be made public within two weeks and affected users will be notified. Those decisions will be archived in a database, and are meant to act as precedent for future decisions. The idea is that the decisions of the board will be binding and implemented by Facebook as long as they don’t require it to violate the law.
But will Facebook really implement them?
The biggest concern with the charter is that it still provides Facebook some leeway about how to implement the board’s decisions. Critically, it only has to apply the decision to the specific case reviewed, and it’s at the company’s discretion to turn that into blanket policy:
In instances where Facebook identifies that identical content with parallel context — which the board has already decided upon — remains on Facebook, it will take action by analyzing whether it is technically and operationally feasible to apply the board’s decision to that content as well. When a decision includes policy guidance or a policy advisory opinion, Facebook will take further action by analyzing the operational procedures required to implement the guidance, considering it in the formal policy development process of Facebook . . . Facebook will support the board to the extent that requests are technically and operationally feasible and consistent with a reasonable allocation of Facebook’s resources.
Because of these sections I’ve bolded, Facebook has the ability to decide it would be operationally infeasible to do what the board decided in every situation, merely take the guidance into account for future policy-making and choose whether implementation is a reasonable allocation of capital and staff. This provides a sizable gray area.
If Facebook chooses that the board’s decision could materially reduce sharing even if it protected users, it might consider that operationally infeasible. If it would cost too much to moderate content in the way the board recommends, it could deem that unreasonable resource allocation. And if the policy guidance doesn’t mesh with its other objectives, it only has to “consider” the board’s wishes.
This section is where advocates and critics should focus. These exemptions to implementation need to be made less vague if the structure is truly going to hold Facebook accountable. If Facebook just declines to broadly change its policy to fit the board’s recommendation, all the board can do is make binding decisions on specific cases.
Facebook director of governance Brent Harris explained on a call with reporters that “If the board doesn’t feel like we’ve handled it right, they’ll keep taking cases and overturn us.” But again the board’s power is focused on a case-by-case basis. Facebook still controls the wide-reaching changes to policy.
If you want to learn more about solutions to Facebook’s concentration of power, check out my talk at SXSW 2020 with Facebook’s co-founder Chris Hughes, who has called for the company to be broken up.
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This is what makes the camera augmented on the iPhone 11, and what delivers the most impressive gains of this generation; not new glass, not the new sensors u2014 a processor specially made to perform machine learning tasks.
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What we’re seeing in the iPhone 11 is a blended apparatus that happens to include three imaging sensors, three lenses, a scattering of motion sensors, an ISP, a machine learning-tuned chip and a CPU all working in concert to produce one image. This is a machine learning camera. But as far as the software that runs iPhone is concerned, it has one camera. In fact, itu2019s not really a camera at all, itu2019s a collection of devices and bits of software that work together toward a singular goal: producing an image.
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This way of thinking about imaging affects a bunch of features, from Night Mode to HDR and beyond, and the result is the best camera I’ve ever used on a phone.
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But first, letu2019s talk new lenses.
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Ultra Wide
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Both the iPhone 11 and the iPhone 11 Pro get a new u201cultra wide angleu201d lens that Apple is calling a 13mm. In practice it delivers about what youu2019d expect from a roughly 13mm lens on a full-frame SLR u2014 very wide. Even with edge correction it has the natural and expected effect of elongating subjects up close and producing some dynamic images. At a distance, it provides options for vistas and panoramic images that werenu2019t available before. Up close, it does wonders for group shots and family photos, especially in tight quarters where youu2019re backed up against a wall.
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In my testing of the wide angle, it showed off extremely well, especially in bright conditions. It allowed for great close-up family shots, wide-angle portraits that emphasized dynamism and vistas that really opened up possibilities for shooting that havenu2019t been on iPhone before.
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Portrait mode overall has had a nice improvement in edge detection, doing a better job with fine hair, glasses and complicated background patterns — normally a portrait mode Achilles’ heel. It almost completely nails this crazy fence that trips up older iPhones.
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One clever detail here is that when you shoot at 1x or 2x, Apple blends the live view of the wider angle lenses directly into the viewfinder. They donu2019t just show you the wide with crop marks over it, they are piping in actual feeds from the sensor so that you get a precise idea of how the image might look, while still letting you see that you have other options outside of the frame. Itu2019s the camera viewfinder engineer version of stunting.
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I loved shooting people with it up close, but that wonu2019t be for everyone. Iu2019d guess most people will like it for groups and for landscapes. But I found it great to grab fun tight shots of people or really intimate moments that feel so much more personal when youu2019re in close.
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Of note: The ultra-wide lens does not have optical image stabilization on either the iPhone 11 or iPhone 11 Pro. This makes it a much trickier proposition to use in low light or at night.
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The ultra-wide camera cannot be used with Night Mode because its sensor does not have 100% focus pixels and, of course, no OIS. The result is that wide-angle night shots must be held very steady or soft images will result.
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The ultra-wide lens coming to both phones is great. Itu2019s a wonderful addition and I think people will get a ton of use out of it on the iPhone 11. If they had to add one, I think adding the UW was the better option because group shots of people are likely far more common than landscape photographers.
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The ultra-wide lens is also fantastic for video. Because of the natural inward crop of video (it uses less of the sensor, so it feels more cramped), the standard wide lens has always felt a little claustrophobic. Taking videos on the carousel riding along with Mary Poppins, for instance, I was unable to get her and Burt in frame at once with the iPhone XS, but was able to do so with the iPhone 11 Pro. Riding Matterhorn you get much more of the experience and less “personu2019s head in front of you.” Same goes with Cars, where the ride is so dominated by the wind screen. I know these are very specific examples, but you can imagine how similar scenarios could play out at family gatherings in small yards, indoors or in other cramped locations.
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One additional tidbit about the ultra-wide lens: You may very well have to find a new grip for your phone. The lens is so wide that your finger may show up in some of your shots because your knuckle is in frame. It happened to me a bunch over the course of a few days, until I found a grip lower on the phone. iPhone 11 Pro Max users will probably not have to worry.
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HDR and Portrait Improvements
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Because of those changes to the image pathway I talked about earlier, the already solid HDR images get a solid improvement in portrait mode. The Neural Engine works on all HDR images coming out of the cameras in iPhone to tone map and fuse image data from various physical sensors to make a photo. It could use pixels from one camera for highlight detail and pixels from another for the edges of a frame. I went over this system extensively back in 2016, and it has only gotten more sophisticated with the addition of the Neural Engine.
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It seems to be getting another big leap forward when Deep Fusion launches, but I was unable to test that yet.
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For now, we can see additional work that the Neural Engine puts in with Semantic Rendering. This process involves your iPhone doing facial detection on the subject of a portrait, isolating the face and skin from the rest of the scene and applying a different path of HDR processing on it than on the rest of the image. The rest of the image gets its own HDR treatment, then the two images are fused back together.
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This is not unheard of in image processing. Most photographers worth their salt will give faces a different pass of adjustments from the rest of an image, masking off the face so that it doesnu2019t turn out too flat or too contrasty or come out with the wrong skin tones.
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The difference here, of course, is that it happens automatically, on every portrait, in fractions of a second.
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The results are portraits that look even better on iPhone 11 and iPhone 11 Pro. Faces donu2019t have the artificially flat look they could sometimes get with the iPhone XS u2014 a result of the HDR process that is used to open up shadows and normalize the contrast of an image.
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Look at these two portraits, shot at the same time in the same conditions. The iPhone 11 Pro is far more successful at identifying backlight and correcting for it across the face and head. The result is better contrast and color, hands down. And this was not an isolated experience, I shot many portrait shots side by side and the iPhone 11 Pro was the pick every time — with especially wide margins if the subject was backlit, which is very common with portraiture.
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Hereu2019s another pair, the differences are more subtle here, but look at the color balance between the two. The skin tones are warmer, more olive and (youu2019ll have to trust me on this one) truer to life on the iPhone 11 Pro.
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And yes, the High Key Mono works, but is still not perfect.
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Night Mode
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Now for the big one. The iPhone 11 finally has a Night Mode. Though I wouldnu2019t really call it a mode because it doesnu2019t actually require that you enable it, it just kicks in automatically when it thinks it can help.
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On a technical level, Night Mode is a function of the camera system that strongly resembles HDR. It does several things when it senses that the light levels have fallen below a certain threshold:
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It decides on a variable number of frames to capture based on the light level, the steadiness of the camera according to the accelerometer and other signals.
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The ISP then grabs these bracketed shots, some longer, some shorter exposure.
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The Neural Engine is relatively orthogonal to Night Mode working, but itu2019s still involved because it is used for semantic rendering across all HDR imaging in iPhone 11.
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The ISP then works to fuse those shots based on foreground and background exposure and whatever masking the Neural Engine delivers.
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The result is a shot that brightens dark-to-very-dark scenes well enough to change them from throw away images to something well worth keeping. In my experience, it was actually difficult to find scenes dark enough to make the effect intense enough. The new 33% improvement in ISO in the wide camera and 42% improvement on telephoto on iPhone XS already help a lot.
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But once you do find the right scene, you see detail and shadow pop and it becomes immediately evident even before you press the shutter that it is making it dramatically brighter. Night Mode works only in 1x and 2x shooting modes because only those cameras have the 100% focus pixels needed to do the detection and mapping that the iPhone 11 needs to make the effect viable.
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I have this weird litmus test I put every new phone camera through where I take it on a dark ride, like Winnie the Pooh, to see if I can get any truly sharp, usable image. It’s a great test because the black light is usually on, the car is moving and the subject is moving. Up until this point I have succeeded exactly zero times. But the iPhone 11 Pro pulled it off. Not perfect, but pretty incredible, all things considered.
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A few observations about Night Mode:
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The night images still feel like night time. This is the direct result of Apple making a decision not to open every shadow and brighten every corner of an image, flaring saturation and flattening contrast.
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The images feel like they have the same genetic makeup as an identical photo taken without Night Mode. Theyu2019re just clearer and the subject is brighter.
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Because of the semantic mapping working on the image, along with other subject detection work, the focal point of the image should be clearer/brighter, but the setting and scene does not all come up at once like a broad gain adjustment.
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iPhone 11, like many other “night modes” across phones, has issues with moving subjects. It’s best if no one is moving or they are moving only very slightly. This can vary depending on the length of exposure, from 1-3 seconds.
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On a tripod or another stationary object, Night Mode will automatically extend up to a 10-second exposure. This allows for some great night photography effects, like light painting or trailing.
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The result is naturally bright images that retain a fantastic level of detail while still feeling like they have natural color that is connected to the original subject matter.
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Back when the Pixel 3 shipped Night Sight I noted that choosing a gain-based night mode had consequences, and that Apple likely could ship something based on pure amperage but that it had consistently made choices to do otherwise and would likely do so for whatever it shipped. People really hated this idea, but it holds up.
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iPhone XS Max. u201cNight Modeu201d is a healthy analog gain boost in the mid tone and shadow portions of the curve. Compromise is grain, grey shadows etc. Thereu2019s a lot of info in the sensor that isnu2019t being used in order to present something u2018realistic.u2019. Choices.
Though the Galaxy 10+ has a great night mode as well, the Pixel 3 was the pioneer here and still jumps to mind when judging night shots. The choices Google has made here are much more in the realm of “everything brighter.” If you love it, you love it, and thatu2019s fine. But it is absolutely not approaching this from a place of restraint.
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Here are some examples of the iPhone 11 Pro up against images from the Pixel 3. As you can see, both do solid work brightening the image, but the Pixel 3 is colder, flatter and more evenly brightened. The colors are not representative at all.
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In addition, whatever juice Google is using to get these images out of a single camera and sensor, it suffers enormously on a detail level. You can see the differences here in the rock work and towers. Itu2019s definitely better than having a dark image, but itu2019s clear that the iPhone 11 Pro is a jump forward.
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The Pixel 4 is around the corner, of course, and I canu2019t wait to see what improvements Google comes up with. We are truly in a golden age for taking pictures of dark shit with phone cameras.
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Of note, the flash is now 36% brighter than the iPhone XS, which is a nice fallback for moving subjects.
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Tidbits
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Auto crop
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The iPhone 11 will, by default, auto crop subjects back into your videos shot at 1x or 2x. If youu2019re chasing your kid and his head goes out of frame, you could see an auto button on the 1 up review screen after a bit of processing. Tapping this will re-frame your video automatically. Currently this only works with the QuickTake function directly from the iPhoneu2019s lock screen. It can be toggled off.
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You can toggle on auto cropping for photos in the Camera settings menu if you wish, it is off by default. This has a very similar effect. Itu2019s using image analysis to see if it has image data that it can use to re-center your subject.
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Slofies
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Yeah, theyu2019re fun; yeah, they work. Theyu2019re going to be popular for folks with long hair.
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U1
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Apple has included a U1 chip in the iPhone 11 — canu2019t test it, but itu2019s interesting as hell. Probably best to reserve talking about this extensively for a bit as Apple will ship the U1u2019s first iPhone functionality with a directionalu2026AirDrop feature? This is definitely one of those things where future purposes, tile-like locator perhaps, were delayed for some reason and a side project of the AirDrop team got elevated to first ship. Interestingly, Apple mentioned, purely as an example, that this feature could be used to start car ignitions, given the appropriate manufacturer support.
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If this sounds familiar, then youu2019ve probably read anything Iu2019ve written over the last several years. Itu2019s inevitable that iPhones and Apple Watches begin to take on functionality like this — itu2019s just a matter of how to do it precisely and safely. The U1 has a lot to do with location on a micro-level. Itu2019s not broad, network-based or GPS-based location, itu2019s precise location and orientation. That opens up a bunch of interesting possibilities.
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No Night Mode
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Night Mode
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About that Pro
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And then there was the name. iPhone 11 Pro. When I worked at a camera shop, you learned the power of the word u201cpro.u201d For some people it was an aphrodisiac, for others, a turn-off. And for others, it was simply a necessity.
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Is this the pro model? Oh Iu2019m not a pro. Oooh, this is the pro!
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We used it as a sales tool, for sure. But every so often it was also necessary to use it to help prevent people from over-buying or under-buying for their needs.
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In the film days, one of the worst things you could ever shoot as a pro-am photographer was gym sports. It was fast action, inside (where itu2019s comparatively dim) and at a distance from court-side. There was no cheap way to do it. No cranking the ISO to 64,000 and letting your camerau2019s computer clean it up. You had to get expensive glass, an expensive camera body to operate that glass and an expensive support like a monopod. You also had to not be a dumbass (this was the most expensive part).
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Amateurs always balked at the barrier of entry to shooting in these kinds of scenarios. But the real pros knew that for every extra dollar they spent on the good stuff, theyu2019d make it up tenfold in profits because they could deliver product no parent with a point and shoot could hope to replicate.
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However, the vast majority of people who walked into the shop werenu2019t shooting hockey or wrestling. They were taking family photos, outdoor pics and a few sunsets.
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Which brings us to what the term Pro means now: Pro is about edge cases.
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Itu2019s not about the 80% case, itu2019s about the 20% of people who need or want something more out of their equipment.
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For this reason, the iPhone 11 is going to sell really well. And it should, because itu2019s great. It has the best new lens, an ultra-wide that takes great family photos and landscape shots. It has nearly every software feature of iPhone 11 Pro. But it doesnu2019t have the best screen and it doesnu2019t have telephoto. For people who want to address edge cases — the best video and photo options, a better dark mode experience, a brighter screen — the iPhone 11 Pro is there. For everyone else, thereu2019s still fiscal 2020u2019s best-selling iPhone.
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Yep, Night Mode
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Letu2019s get this out of the way right up front: iPhone 11u2019s Night Mode is great. It works, it compares extremely well to other low-light cameras and the exposure and color rendition is best in class, period. If that does it for you, you can stop right here. If you want to know more about […]
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Matthew Panzarino has been a retail jockey, founded a professional photography business and a news blog covering the Apple ecosystem. He has served as News Editor and Managing Editor at The Next Web and is now Editor-In-Chief at TechCrunch.
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He has made a name for himself in the tech media world as a writer and editor, relentlessly covering Apple and Twitter, in addition to a broad range of startups in the fields of robotics, computer vision, AI, fashion, VR, AR and more. Owns shares in ETFs.nContact Matthew at matthew@techcrunch.comnPGP Key: https://keybase.io/panzer
Definitely better than XS in terms of picture quality, but not much though. Real improvement is ultra wide camera. Other than that I believe very similar user experience. And definitely no need to upgrade from XS
n"},"link":"https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/17/iphone-11-pro-disney-after-dark/#comment-672971","type":"comment","author_avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f454e1efbf12d802c486ef83f14427e5?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f454e1efbf12d802c486ef83f14427e5?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f454e1efbf12d802c486ef83f14427e5?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"techcrunch":{"avatar":"https://ct.yimg.com/cy/1768/39361574426_98028a_64sq.jpg","company":"(no company found)","title":"(no title found)","user":"DBQWYTHGP6W2GJ46OEV2A6KVYQ"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/672971"}],"collection":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"post_type":"post","href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1882310"}],"children":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments?parent=672971"}]}},{"id":672975,"parent":0,"author":0,"author_name":"Jerri Cat","author_url":"","date":"2019-09-17T06:28:45","content":{"rendered":"
For me, pictures are everything….They record some moment in time that you can’t re-create, whether it be just family shots or something original one comes across in life. Regardless, looking back, you’ll be glad you have those shots. Get the new phone…You only live once.
n"},"link":"https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/17/iphone-11-pro-disney-after-dark/#comment-672975","type":"comment","author_avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/958270ea5604b7c06600d050a4157ead?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/958270ea5604b7c06600d050a4157ead?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/958270ea5604b7c06600d050a4157ead?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"techcrunch":{"avatar":"https://ct.yimg.com/cy/1768/39361574426_98028a_64sq.jpg","company":"(no company found)","title":"(no title found)","user":"G65Y2JG2FX53CKVLWMIF57FVO4"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/672975"}],"collection":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"post_type":"post","href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1882310"}]}},{"id":672976,"parent":0,"author":0,"author_name":"Moustafa Travelle","author_url":"","date":"2019-09-17T06:45:40","content":{"rendered":"
pity the ultra-wide doesnu2019t have OIS.. disappointing
n"},"link":"https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/17/iphone-11-pro-disney-after-dark/#comment-672976","type":"comment","author_avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/73fda6b78c0474f2f7c79309b6563d9a?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/73fda6b78c0474f2f7c79309b6563d9a?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/73fda6b78c0474f2f7c79309b6563d9a?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"techcrunch":{"avatar":"https://ct.yimg.com/cy/1768/39361574426_98028a_64sq.jpg","company":"(no company found)","title":"(no title found)","user":"M7V6EUBM46MV5XOAAOK7F3V2TY"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/672976"}],"collection":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"post_type":"post","href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1882310"}],"children":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments?parent=672976"}]}},{"id":672990,"parent":0,"author":0,"author_name":"Nishant Pant","author_url":"","date":"2019-09-17T08:36:41","content":{"rendered":"
Absolutely loved the article. Thanks so much for the super in-depth review.
n"},"link":"https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/17/iphone-11-pro-disney-after-dark/#comment-672990","type":"comment","author_avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0ee8450f3847472aa96108f87c6a28b6?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0ee8450f3847472aa96108f87c6a28b6?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0ee8450f3847472aa96108f87c6a28b6?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"techcrunch":{"avatar":"https://ct.yimg.com/cy/1768/39361574426_98028a_64sq.jpg","company":"Agent NEO","title":"Agent NEO - Voice Technology for Real Estate","user":"Y3AXJOK47BPIY5DN6IHOTXPULL"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/672990"}],"collection":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"post_type":"post","href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1882310"}]}},{"id":672996,"parent":0,"author":0,"author_name":"Ian Walker","author_url":"","date":"2019-09-17T09:42:58","content":{"rendered":"
The iPhone Xs suffers from horrible antenna problems in subpar reception areas. I can be on the subway and it’ll show 2 bars but fail to connect. I can sometimes toggle Airplane Mode and it’ll resolve it and start working in the exact same location. My iPhone 6 performs noticeably better in similar situations. I would’ve liked to have seen reception comparisons from the Xs to the 11/11 Pro.
n"},"link":"https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/17/iphone-11-pro-disney-after-dark/#comment-672996","type":"comment","author_avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/126ef9a494d0d744bc0e1c4f05859882?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/126ef9a494d0d744bc0e1c4f05859882?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/126ef9a494d0d744bc0e1c4f05859882?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"techcrunch":{"avatar":"https://ct.yimg.com/cy/1768/39361574426_98028a_64sq.jpg","company":"(no company found)","title":"(no title found)","user":"L545DW3W6ANWPY7MO4CJIR2Z5Q"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/672996"}],"collection":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"post_type":"post","href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1882310"}],"children":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments?parent=672996"}]}},{"id":672981,"parent":672971,"author":0,"author_name":"Fred Marko","author_url":"","date":"2019-09-17T08:05:45","content":{"rendered":"
Since I started off using this website, I make anywhere from $45 – $60 every half hour, and the most unbelievable thing about this is that it is simple. My neighbor Martin C.J in West Palm Beach has used it for a year and racked up enough to build a small house somewhere near Jacksonvilleu2019s area. Hereu2019s the precise source of this https://westmot.tumblr.com/
n"},"link":"https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/17/iphone-11-pro-disney-after-dark/#comment-672981","type":"comment","author_avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f61ecd74cfc4337269877be2b216c7?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f61ecd74cfc4337269877be2b216c7?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d9f61ecd74cfc4337269877be2b216c7?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"techcrunch":{"avatar":"https://ct.yimg.com/cy/1768/39361574426_98028a_64sq.jpg","company":"(no company found)","title":"(no title found)","user":"CKQW6FG3VAG63NBOZCS2V5QSHA"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/672981"}],"collection":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"post_type":"post","href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1882310"}],"in-reply-to":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/672971"}]}},{"id":673014,"parent":672976,"author":0,"author_name":"K. D.","author_url":"","date":"2019-09-17T18:56:03","content":{"rendered":"
No phone Iu2018ve seen that has an ultra-wide does.
n"},"link":"https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/17/iphone-11-pro-disney-after-dark/#comment-673014","type":"comment","author_avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01c16a921d2c83bd3863f63eabd54ea4?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01c16a921d2c83bd3863f63eabd54ea4?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01c16a921d2c83bd3863f63eabd54ea4?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"techcrunch":{"avatar":"https://ct.yimg.com/cy/1768/39361574426_98028a_64sq.jpg","company":"(no company found)","title":"(no title found)","user":"MXLFFX4LYP7V2YSI4VUBXF7Q34"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/673014"}],"collection":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"post_type":"post","href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1882310"}],"in-reply-to":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/672976"}]}},{"id":672999,"parent":672996,"author":0,"author_name":"Nate M.","author_url":"","date":"2019-09-17T11:31:02","content":{"rendered":"
I’ll second this.
n
Great review of the cameras. But inquiring minds want/need to know if the phone can actually hold a signal and maintain its core function. The Xs was indeed horrible in this area.
n"},"link":"https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/17/iphone-11-pro-disney-after-dark/#comment-672999","type":"comment","author_avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/77608ce0e876ad838513b6b75b404810?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/77608ce0e876ad838513b6b75b404810?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/77608ce0e876ad838513b6b75b404810?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"techcrunch":{"avatar":"https://ct.yimg.com/cy/1768/39361574426_98028a_64sq.jpg","company":"(no company found)","title":"(no title found)","user":"R5HCU5PBDOLHUFGGB6GPER6HJ4"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/672999"}],"collection":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"post_type":"post","href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1882310"}],"in-reply-to":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/672996"}]}},{"id":673015,"parent":672996,"author":0,"author_name":"K. D.","author_url":"","date":"2019-09-17T18:58:07","content":{"rendered":"
I have the XR and it is terrible from both a call/LTE/WiFi standpoint. I had the original Pixel before this for two years, and the WiFi and LTE were noticeably faster.
n"},"link":"https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/17/iphone-11-pro-disney-after-dark/#comment-673015","type":"comment","author_avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01c16a921d2c83bd3863f63eabd54ea4?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01c16a921d2c83bd3863f63eabd54ea4?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/01c16a921d2c83bd3863f63eabd54ea4?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"techcrunch":{"avatar":"https://ct.yimg.com/cy/1768/39361574426_98028a_64sq.jpg","company":"(no company found)","title":"(no title found)","user":"MXLFFX4LYP7V2YSI4VUBXF7Q34"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/673015"}],"collection":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"post_type":"post","href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1882310"}],"in-reply-to":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/672996"}]}}]],"author":[{"id":8683986,"name":"Matthew Panzarino","url":"","description":"","link":"https://techcrunch.com/author/matthew-panzarino/","slug":"matthew-panzarino","avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b801d387d4af3749fed05f0f2e82690f?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b801d387d4af3749fed05f0f2e82690f?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b801d387d4af3749fed05f0f2e82690f?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"links":{"facebook":"http://www.facebook.com/matthew.panzarino","twitter":"https://twitter.com/panzer","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/matthewpanzarino","crunchbase":"https://www.crunchbase.com/person/matthew-panzarino"},"position":"Editor-in-Chief","cbDescription":"
Matthew Panzarino has been a retail jockey, founded a professional photography business and a news blog covering the Apple ecosystem. He has served as News Editor and Managing Editor at The Next Web and is now Editor-In-Chief at TechCrunch.
nn
He has made a name for himself in the tech media world as a writer and editor, relentlessly covering Apple and Twitter, in addition to a broad range of startups in the fields of robotics, computer vision, AI, fashion, VR, AR and more. Owns shares in ETFs.nContact Matthew at matthew@techcrunch.comnPGP Key: https://keybase.io/panzer
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and YouTube star Simone Giertz is coming to Disrupt SF (Oct. 2-4)"},"content":{"rendered":"
Hereu2019s a fun thing to look forward to next month. Simone Giertz, she of the shitty robots fame, will be appearing onstage at Disrupt SF (October 2-4) at the Moscone Center in San Francisco.
n
The U.S.-based Swedish inventor has built a massive online following (currently at 1.92 million YouTube subscribers) with DIY videos that examine technology and art through a whimsical lens.
n
Giertz is probably best known for her u201cshittyu201d robotic creations, including arms that serve soup and breakfast, draw holiday cards and apply lipstick u2014 to hilariously uneven results. More recently, she had a verified viral hit when she busted out some power tools to turn her Tesla into a pickup truck.
n
Sheu2019ll be joining us onstage to walk us through some of her most interesting creations, including The Every Day calendar. The project, which made nearly $600,000 on Kickstarter late last year, is designed to help motivate users into developing good habits, like meditating, flossing or writing. Or, you know, eating churros.u00a0
n
Disrupt SF runs October 2 to October 4 at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. Giertz joins an outstanding lineup of speakers, including Kitty Hawk’s Sebastian Thrun, Admiral Mike Rodgers, Rachel Haurwitz of Caribou Biosciences, and Marc Benioff, Box’s Aaron Levie and dozens more.
Hereu2019s a fun thing to look forward to next month. Simone Giertz, she of the shitty robots fame, will be appearing onstage at Disrupt SF (October 2-4) at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The U.S.-based Swedish inventor has built a massive online following (currently at 1.92 million YouTube subscribers) with DIY videos that examine […]
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Brian Heater is the Hardware Editor at TechCrunch. He worked for a number of leading tech publications, including Engadget, PCMag, Laptop, and Tech Times, where he served as the Managing Editor. His writing has appeared in Spin, Wired, Playboy, Entertainment Weekly, The Onion, Boing Boing, Publishers Weekly, The Daily Beast and various other publications. He hosts the weekly Boing Boing interview podcast RiYL, has appeared as a regular NPR contributor and shares his Queens apartment with a rabbit named Lucy.
Brian Heater is the Hardware Editor at TechCrunch. He worked for a number of leading tech publications, including Engadget, PCMag, Laptop, and Tech Times, where he served as the Managing Editor. His writing has appeared in Spin, Wired, Playboy, Entertainment Weekly, The Onion, Boing Boing, Publishers Weekly, The Daily Beast and various other publications. He hosts the weekly Boing Boing interview podcast RiYL, has appeared as a regular NPR contributor and shares his Queens apartment with a rabbit named Lucy.
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How do you keep your startup secure?
n
That’s the big question we explored at TC Sessions: Enterprise earlier this month. No matter the size, every startup is an enterprise. Every startup will grow in size as it builds out. But as a company expands, that rapid growth can lead to a distraction from the foundational principle of any modern company u2014 keeping it secure.
n
Security isn’t just a buzzword. As some of the largest companies in Silicon Valley have shown, security can be difficult. From storing passwords in plaintext to data breaches galore, how can startups learn from some of the biggest security lapses in the tech industry’s history?
n
Our panel consisted of three of the brightest minds in enterprise security: Wendy Nather, head of advisory CISOs at Duo Security, is an enterprise security expert; Martin Casado, general partner at Andreessen Horowitz, is a security and enterprise startup investor; and Emily Heath, United’s chief information security officer, oversees the security operations of the largest U.S. airlines.
n
This is what advice they had.
n
Security from the very start
n
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How do you keep your startup secure? That’s the big question we explored at TC Sessions: Enterprise earlier this month. No matter the size, every startup is an enterprise. Every startup will grow in size as it builds out. But as a company expands, that rapid growth can lead to a distraction from the foundational […]
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He can also be reached by email: zack.whittaker@techcrunch.com.
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nn
He can also be reached by email: zack.whittaker@techcrunch.com.
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Sony RX100 VII is the best compact camera you can buy"},"content":{"rendered":"
Sony’s latest advanced compact camera is the highly pocketable RX100 VII, the seventh iteration of the RX100. Since its debut, this line of cameras has proven a very popular option among enthusiasts looking for a great travel camera, vloggers and even pros who want a compact backup option just in case. The RX100 VII should suit all those needs very well, provided you’re okay with coughing up the $1,200 asking price.
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Not that $1,200 is too expensive for what you’re getting, as Sony has packed in tremendous value, including an extremely versatile 24-200mm (35mm equivalent) zoom range, 20fps continuous burst mode shooting, a flip-up touch screen, built-in image stabilization and the same powerful autofocus technologies you’ll find on its flagship full-frame interchangeable lens pro cameras.
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Pocket power
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The Sony RX100 VII satisfies a specific need, but it’s one that a lot of people probably have: Striking a balance between image quality, range and portability. On the convenience end of the spectrum, the ultimate device is probably your smartphone, since you have that with you always. On the IQ and range side, you’re looking at a top-end DSLR with a high-quality, low aperture zoom lens that can weigh more than a large dog. The RX100 VII manages to be so impressive because it can deliver nearly the portability of a smartphone, with some of the photography chops of a setup that typically requires its own suitcase.
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Inside the RX100 VII you’ll find a 1-inch sensor, which is very big relative to smartphone imaging sensors. This is important because it means there’s no contest between which will capture a better image, with lower noise, greater depth-of-field and better color rendering. For all the software magic that companies like Apple and Google can bring to the photography table, nothing yet can totally compensate for simply having a larger sensor.
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The RX100 VII’s compactness isn’t just impressive because of the large sensor it packs inside, however; you also get an EVF, an integrated flash, an external microphone jack and an articulating LCD display. To get all of this into a package this small is astounding — the EVF in particular is a great feature for anyone who wants to be a bit more direct and particular with their shot composition, while the flip-up LCD means you also can have a great selfie screen and monitor for use when vlogging.
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Last but not least in terms of its portability benefits, you can charge the RX100 VII via USB directly so that you can leave any additional charging hardware at home. The camera has a micro USB port for both data and power, and while it would’ve been nice to see this upgraded to USB-C on this camera to keep up with the latest in terms of computer and smartphone charging, it’s still better than requiring an external charger.
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Zoom zoom
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Sony decided on a very long zoom range for the RX100 VII, which sports a 24-200mm (35mm equivalent) f/2.8-4.5 powered retracting zoom lens. That’s the same range and aperture as the RX100 VI, which opts for more range over the brighter 24-70mm f/1.8-2.8 lens found on the V and earlier.
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While you’ll lose some ability to separate your subject from the background versus a brighter lens, you get a lot more reach for shooting action or wildlife. The added range definitely makes it a better all-around travel camera, too, and makes it possible to get some shots you otherwise just wouldn’t be able to get at all with a shorter lens.
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The long end of the zoom range also offers stunningly sharp images, especially in bright, daylight conditions. In the examples below, you can see some of the 200mm samples shot on the RX100 VII next to the 24mm wide versions of the same scenes to get a sense of just how close you can get with this lens, and the quality of the images possible even at those extreme zoom lengths.
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[gallery ids="1881962,1881963,1881944,1881943,1881946,1881947,1881889,1881888"]
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At the wide end, you have plenty of real estate to capture great sweeping architectural or landscape shots, and the sharpness is also fantastic in great light. There’s some distortion, but it’s mostly corrected by Sony’s software on JPG output. That 24mm wide angle is also the right width for arm-length selfies, though you’re probably going to want at least a short selfie stick for vlogging applications to give yourself a little more in the way of framing options.
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Sticky AF
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Leaving aside the fact that this is one of the better sensors available on the market for a camera this size, there’s another very compelling reason to pick up this camera, and one that likely gives it the edge over competitors from other companies. I’m talking about Sony’s autofocus system, and the RX100 VII gets the latest and greatest that Sony has developed, which is found only in much more expensive cameras from the company, like the A9 and the new A7R IV.
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You get face and eye tracking, for both human and animal subjects, and these are both best-in-class when compared with other camera makers’ systems. The animal one in particular is a Sony specialty, and worked amazingly well on my real dog — and on Sony’s Aibo robot dog, captured at the Sony Ginza experience center in Tokyo.
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The face and eye detection settings are available in both still shooting and movies, and you can set eye preference (left or right), too. The newest AF feature, however, is object tracking, which allows you to point your AF point at a specific object and have the camera automatically track that object as you zoom or move, or as the object moves within frame. You can choose from a range of options regarding how large of a focal area to track, and this works in tandem with human face detection so that the camera will automatically focus on the subject’s face when it’s visible, and on them more generally when it’s not, which is amazing for sports or action photography.
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In practice, this works extremely well. Sony’s claims about how well this sticks, and how good it is at picking a subject back up after it moves behind an object, for instance, are spot on. This is really the best AF system available on a camera in the pocketable category, at any price point, and it’s truly amazing to experience. In the shots below, you can see how it allowed me to capture a very clear picture of a soaring hawk at the 200mm tele zoom, how it tracked a bike in motion and got a clear image of the rider’s face and how it froze a motor bike in motion during a burst series (all the shots were in focus, by the way).
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Low light
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Another area where Sony’s RX100 VII and its 1-inch sensor are going to have a leg up on your smartphone is in sub-optimal lighting conditions. Bigger sensors mean bigger pixels and less noise, with better blacks and shadows. Sony is also using a backside illuminated stacked sensor, and there’s built-in optical image stabilization, which means you can take sharper photos at lower shutter speeds, letting in more light for clearer images.
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In practice, what you get are pretty good low-light photos, especially outdoors with ambient light present, or in decently well-lit indoor settings. In poorer lighting conditions or when you’re trying to freeze action in low light, you’re going to get fairly noisy results, especially when compared to an APS-C or full-frame camera. Sony’s tech can do a lot to make the most of less than ideal photographic conditions, but at some point, it runs up against the limits of what’s possible.
n
Sony also doesn’t get quite as aggressive with computational photographic techniques for digitally compensating for lower available light, as do the Pixel phones and the latest iPhone 11. That’s not necessarily a bad thing, though — the images from the RX100 VII present more accurate night and indoor photos, by comparison, and you can still get much better indoor images with the RX100 VII than you can with any smartphone.
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As you can see in the gallery above, the camera does extremely well as long as there’s one well-lit subject or element in frame. It’s less effective when the image overall is uniformly dim, but if you’re looking for great photos in those conditions, you should probably consider upgrading to a larger camera with a larger sensor.
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Movie maker
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The RX100 VII’s greatest strength might just be how good it is at shooting video for a device this size. Video out of the camera with very minimal adjustment from the default shooting settings produces highly usable results, for both home video enthusiasts and for YouTubers or vloggers looking to produce great-looking content without lugging an entire film production studio along with them on their travels.
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Once again, the versatile zoom range really shines here, and you can even shoot at the tele end of the zoom handheld and get totally usable footage, provided you’re a bit careful about movement, as you can see in the third clip in the sequence below, which was shot at the 200mm range. Low-light footage looks great, as is evident from the second clip in sequence, and at the wide end you can capture sweeping landscape vistas or flip up the screen and turn the camera around for selfie-style video.
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The added microphone port makes it an even more powerful filmmaking tool, and if you pick up their optional VCT-SGR1 shooting grip, combined with a small shotgun mic or something like the Rode Wireless Go, you’ve got everything you need to create very compelling travel diaries in an incredibly lightweight package that will be able to produce quality and get zoom and wide shots that are impossible on a smartphone.
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Bottom line
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The RX100 VII is a delight of a camera and an easy recommendation to make. There’s nothing that compares in this size category in terms of the range of features, autofocus capabilities, video prowess and performance as a general all-rounder. This is the do-everything travel camera that you could really only dream of five years ago, and it’s become more ideal for this use with every generation that Sony introduces.
n
Whether you’re looking to step up your photographic possibilities from your smartphone, or you want to supplement your professional or advanced enthusiast equipment with a pocket camera that’s available as a b-camera for video or to grab a few choice stills, the RX100 VII is hard to top. Its only downside is that $1,200 asking price, which is definitely above average for a compact camera — but on a value basis, $1,200 isn’t at all expensive for everything this camera has to offer.
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Full sample gallery
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Sony’s latest advanced compact camera is the highly pocketable RX100 VII, the seventh iteration of the RX100. Since its debut, this line of cameras has proven a very popular option among enthusiasts looking for a great travel camera, vloggers and even pros who want a compact backup option just in case. The RX100 VII should […]
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Ever since I started working on this site, I bring in anywhere from $45 – $60 every half hour, and the beauty of this is that it is very simple to implement. My neighbor Martin C.J in West Palm Beach has used it for a year and gathered enough to build a small house somewhere near Jacksonville. Hereu2019s the precise source for this https://westmot.tumblr.com/
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Yesterday at TechCrunchu2019sEnterprise event in San Francisco, we sat down with three venture capitalists who spend a lot of their time thinking about enterprise startups. We wanted to ask what trends they are seeing, what concerns they might have about the state of the market and, of course, how startups might persuade them to write out a check.
We covered a lot of ground with the investors u2014 Jason Green of Emergence Capital, Rebecca Lynn of Canvas Ventures and Maha Ibrahim of Canaan Partners u2014 who told us, among other things, that startups shouldn’t expect a big M&A event right now, that there’s no first-mover advantage in the enterprise realm and why grit may be the quality that ends up keeping a startup afloat.
n
On the growth of enterprise startups:
n
Jason Green: When we started Emergence 15 years ago, we saw maybe a few hundred startups a year, and we funded about five or six. Today, we see over 1,000 a year; we probably do deep diligence on 25.
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Yesterday at TechCrunchu2019s Enterprise event in San Francisco, we sat down with three venture capitalists who spend a lot of their time thinking about enterprise startups. We wanted to ask what trends they are seeing, what concerns they might have about the state of the market and, of course, how startups might persuade them to […]
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CEO discusses the company’s subscription future"},"content":{"rendered":"
At a small event in Manhattan this week, Fitbit laid out its future for the press. Tellingly, the event was far more focused on the companyu2019s software play, with the big hardware announcement feeling almost rushed at the end.
n
Along with an increased focus on healthcare providers and enterprise, much of its revenue strategy will be tied up in Fitbit Premium, a $10 a month subscription service. The offering marks a major shift for a company whose identity has been so closely tied to hardware for its first decade of existence.
The announcement comes a year and a half after the release of Versa. The smartwatch has helped the company begin to right the ship after several quartersu2019 worth of financial struggle. And while last quarter found Fitbitu2019s valuation stumbling a bit on the heels of a disappointing performance by the Versa Lite, the company says it continues to be committed to its core hardware offering.
n
Following the announcement of Fitbit Premium and the Versa 2 smartwatch, we sat down with CEO and co-founder James Park to discuss the companyu2019s path and what the future holds for Fitbit.
n
The state of Fitbit
n
Brian Heater: The flow of todayu2019s briefing was different. In previous years, the companyu2019s always led with hardware.
n
James Park: You noticed that it was pretty conscious, and I think it’s just to reinforce the fact that what we’re working on is not just about hardware anymore. But it’s equally important that the services component is an important part of our strategy, and also an important part of an overall solution, again, people healthier.
n
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At a small event in Manhattan this week, Fitbit laid out its future for the press. Tellingly, the event was far more focused on the companyu2019s software play, with the big hardware announcement feeling almost rushed at the end. Along with an increased focus on healthcare providers and enterprise, much of its revenue strategy will […]
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Brian Heater is the Hardware Editor at TechCrunch. He worked for a number of leading tech publications, including Engadget, PCMag, Laptop, and Tech Times, where he served as the Managing Editor. His writing has appeared in Spin, Wired, Playboy, Entertainment Weekly, The Onion, Boing Boing, Publishers Weekly, The Daily Beast and various other publications. He hosts the weekly Boing Boing interview podcast RiYL, has appeared as a regular NPR contributor and shares his Queens apartment with a rabbit named Lucy.
Brian Heater is the Hardware Editor at TechCrunch. He worked for a number of leading tech publications, including Engadget, PCMag, Laptop, and Tech Times, where he served as the Managing Editor. His writing has appeared in Spin, Wired, Playboy, Entertainment Weekly, The Onion, Boing Boing, Publishers Weekly, The Daily Beast and various other publications. He hosts the weekly Boing Boing interview podcast RiYL, has appeared as a regular NPR contributor and shares his Queens apartment with a rabbit named Lucy.
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startups want to destigmatize sex"},"content":{"rendered":"
Sex, despite being one of the most fundamental human experiences, is still one of those businesses that some advertisers reject, banks are hesitant to financially support and some investors donu2019t want to fund.
n
Given how sex is such a huge part of our lives, it’s no surprise founders are looking to capitalize on the space. But the idea of pleasure versus function, plus the stigma still associated with all-things sex, is at the root of the barriers some startup founders face.
Sextech companies that relate to the ability to reproduce or, the ability to not reproduce, donu2019t always face the same problems when it comes to everything from social acceptance to advertising to raising venture funding. It seems to come down to the distinction between pleasure and function, stigma and the patriarchy.u00a0
n
This is where the trajectories for sextech startups can diverge. Some startups have raised hundreds of millions from traditional investors in Silicon Valley while others have struggled to raise any funding at all. As one startup founder tells me, “Sand Hill Road was a big no.”
n
A market worth billions or trillions?
n
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Sex, despite being one of the most fundamental human experiences, is still one of those businesses that some advertisers reject, banks are hesitant to financially support and some investors donu2019t want to fund. Given how sex is such a huge part of our lives, it’s no surprise founders are looking to capitalize on the space. […]
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Kobalt is simplifying the killer complexities of the music industry"},"content":{"rendered":"
Backed by over $200 million in VC funding, Kobalt is changing the way the music industry does business and putting more money into musiciansu2019 pockets in the process.
n
In Part I of this series, I walked through the companyu2019s founding story and its overall structure. There are two core theses that Kobalt bet on: 1) that the shift to digital music could transform the way royalties are tracked and paid, and 2) that music streaming will empower a growing middle class of DIY musicians who find success across countless niches.
This article focuses on the complex way royalties flow through the industry and how Kobalt is restructuring that process (while Part III will focus on musicu2019s middle class). The music industry runs on copyright administration and royalty collections. If the system breaks u2014 if people lose track of where songs are being played and who is owed how much in royalties u2014 everything halts.
n
Kobalt is as much a compliance tech company as it is a music company: it has built a quasi u201coperating systemu201d to more accurately and quickly handle this using software and a centralized approach to collections, upending a broken, inefficient system so everything can run more smoothly and predictably on top of it. The big question is whether it can maintain its initial lead in doing this, however.
n
The business of a song
n
Image via Getty Images / Mykyta Dolmatov
n
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Backed by over $200 million in VC funding, Kobalt is changing the way the music industry does business and putting more money into musiciansu2019 pockets in the process. In Part I of this series, I walked through the companyu2019s founding story and its overall structure. There are two core theses that Kobalt bet on: 1) […]
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Eric Peckham is TechCrunch's Media Columnist, providing analysis on the pre-IPO companies and tech trends shaping the future of media, entertainment, gaming, & telecom. Separate from TechCrunch, he is also an investor, corporate advisor, and author of the MonetizingMedia.com newsletter.
Eric Peckham is TechCrunch's Media Columnist, providing analysis on the pre-IPO companies and tech trends shaping the future of media, entertainment, gaming, & telecom. Separate from TechCrunch, he is also an investor, corporate advisor, and author of the MonetizingMedia.com newsletter.
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to use Amazon and advertising to build a D2C startup"},"content":{"rendered":"
nttMatt Altman runs the Amazon practice area for VMG Ignite, an eCommerce consultancy that helps CPG companies achieve growth through optimization of D2C sites, management of online marketplaces, and online and offline advertising. Tyler Elliston is the founder of VMG Ignite. t
ntnt
n
Entrepreneurship in consumer packaged goods (CPG) is being democratized. Every step of the value channel has been compressed and made more affordable (and thereby accessible).
n
At VMG Ignite, we have worked with dozens of direct-to-consumer startups trying to both find product-market fit and achieve scale through Amazon and online advertising.
n
This article focuses on customer acquisition, particularly Amazon and online advertising, for the direct-to-consumer (D2C) CPG venture. Selling on Amazon, specifically third-party (3P), has become an increasingly important component of the D2C playbook. About 46% of product searches start on Amazon, which makes it a compelling source of sales even for early-stage ventures.
People say that ideas are a dime a dozen. They arenu2019t valuable. But finding product-market fit? Now, thatu2019s hard. The gap between an unexecuted idea and proven product-market fit can seem vast. Yet itu2019s a critical first step because, ultimately, marketing amplifies your product and value proposition.
n
If they arenu2019t compelling, marketing will fail. If theyu2019re compelling, even mediocre marketing can often be successful. So start with a great product that people love.
n
How do you create a great product, you ask? A/B test your product configuration like you A/B test your landing page, copy, and design. Your product is a variable, not a constant. Build, ship, get feedback. Build, ship, get feedback. Turn detractors into your customer panel for testing.
n
Early-stage D2C companies typically get their first customers through three channels:
n
n
Begging your friends and family to buy and promote your product.
n
List it on Amazon as a 3P seller. Figure out the platform and start selling!
n
Advertise on Facebook. Start with a daily budget of 10x your price point to get started and start tinkering with creative, audiences, and settings to minimize cost per order.
n
n
The companies that succeed are often the ones that iterate the fastest. In his book Creative Confidence, IDEO founder David Kelley and his co-author (and brother) Tom relay a story of a pottery class that was split into two groups.
n
The first group was told they would each be graded on the single best piece of pottery they each produced. The second group was told they would each be graded based on the sheer volume of pottery they produced.
n
Naturally, the first group labored to craft the perfect piece while the second group churned through pottery with reckless abandon. Perhaps not so intuitive, at the end of the class, all the best pottery came from the second group! Iteration was a more effective driver of quality than intentionality.
n
Donu2019t know how to manage Amazon or Facebook? Here are some best practices: n
n
How to get started with Amazon
n
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A real check to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s control is finally coming in the form of an 11 to 40-member Oversight Board that will review appeals to its policy decisions, like content takedowns, and make recommendations for changes. Today Facebook released the charter establishing the theoretically independent Oversight Board, with Zuckerberg explaining that when it takes a stance, “The board’s decision will be binding, even if I or anyone at Facebook disagrees with it.”
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Slated to be staffed with members this year, who will be paid by a Facebook-established trust (the biggest update to its January draft charter), the Oversight Board will begin judging cases in the first half of 2020. Given Zuckerberg’s overwhelming voting control of the company, and the fact that its board of directors contains many loyalists, like COO Sheryl Sandberg and investor Peter Thiel whom he’s made very rich, the Oversight Board could ensure the CEO doesn’t always have the final say in how Facebook works.
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But in some ways, the committee could serve to shield Zuckerberg and Facebook from scrutiny and regulation, much to their advantage. The Oversight Board could remove total culpability for policy blunders around censorship or political bias from Facebook’s executives. It also might serve as a talking point toward the FTC and other regulators investigating it for potential antitrust violations and other malpractice, as the company could claim the Oversight Board means it’s not completely free to pursue profit over what’s fair for society.
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One of the most important projects I've worked on over the past couple of years is establishing an independent Oversight…
Finally, there remain serious concerns about how the Oversight Board is selected and the wiggle room the charter provides Facebook. Most glaringly, Facebook itself will choose the initial members and then work with them to select the rest of the board, and thereby could avoid adding overly incendiary figures. And it maintains that “Facebook will support the board to the extent that requests are technically and operationally feasible and consistent with a reasonable allocation of Facebooku2019s resources,” giving it the right to decide if it should apply the precedent of Oversight Board verdicts to similar cases or broadly implement its policy guidance.
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How the Oversight Board works
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When a user disagrees with how Facebook enforces its policies, and with the result of an appeal to Facebook’s internal moderation team, they can request an appeal to the Oversight Board. Examples of potential cases include someone disagreeing with Facebook’s refusal to deem a piece of content as unacceptable hate speech or bullying, its choice to designate a Page as promoting terrorism and remove it or the company’s decision to leave up problematic content, such as nudity, because it’s newsworthy. Facebook also can directly ask the Oversight Board to review policy decisions or specific cases, especially urgent ones with real-world consequences.
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After Zuckerberg initially laid out a blueprint for the Oversight Board a year ago, Facebook assigned a 100-person team to build out the plan for the board. It held six workshops and 22 round-tables, plus case-review simulations with 650 people from 88 countries.
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The board will include a minimum of 11 members, but Facebook is aiming for 40. They’ll serve three-year terms and a maximum of three terms each as a part-time job, with appointments staggered so there isn’t a full change-over at any time. Facebook is looking for members with a broad range of knowledge, competencies and expertise who lack conflicts of interest. They’re meant to be “experienced at deliberating thoughtfully and collegially,” “skilled at making and explaining decisions based on a set of policies,” “well-versed on matters relating to digital content and governance” and “independent and impartial.”u00a0
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Facebook will appoint a set of trustees that will work with it to select initial co-chairs for the board, who will then assist with sourcing, vetting, interviewing and orienting new members. The goal is “broad diversity of geographic, gender, political, social and religious representation.” The trust, funded by Facebook with an as yet undecided amount of capital, will set members’ compensation rate in the near future and oversee term renewals.
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n
Inevitable calls of biased board members
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My biggest worry here is how Facebook will handle the fact that it’s trying to represent an extraordinarily vast set of global policy perspectives…broader than any one country’s laws. What’s taboo or even illegal in one nation may be common or lauded in another. Facebook may see endless challenges from different segments of the public regarding the previous public statements by board members.
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What Facebook’s own staff in California might see as an uncontroversial viewpoint could trigger calls for removal from the board elsewhere. We’ve seen how common “cancelled” culture has become when the public digs up problematic content from celebrities or politicians, and that’s just based on what flies in the United States.
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For example, Republican senators just bullied Facebook into removing a fact-check that found the statement “abortion is never medically necessary” to be false, allowing that viewpoint to spread uninhibited on the social network. I personally wouldn’t want someone with that viewpoint on the Oversight Board, but others might feel the opposite. And what happens when politicians start demanding more conservative representation on the Oversight Board the same way they’ve badgered Facebook for supposedly censoring them despite evidence to the contrary?
n
BARCELONA, SPAIN – FEBRUARY 21: Founder and CEO of Facebook Mark Zuckerberg gives his speech during the presentation of the new Samsung Galaxy S7 and Samsung Galaxy S7 edge on February 21, 2016 in Barcelona, Spain. (Photo by David Ramos/Getty Images)
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Which cases get reviewed?
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The board will choose which cases to review based on their significance and difficulty. They’re looking for issues that are severe, large-scale and important for public discourse, while raising difficult questions about Facebook’s policy or enforcement that is disputed, uncertain or represents tension or trade-offs between Facebook’s recently codified values of authenticity, safety, privacy and dignity. The board will then create a sub-panel of five members to review a specific case.
n
The board will be able to question the request that Facebook provide information necessary to rule on the case with a mind to not violating user privacy. They’ll interpret Facebook’s Community Standards and policies and then decide whether Facebook should remove or restore a piece of content and whether it should change how that content was designated. Verdicts are meant to have consensus, but will be approved by majority when necessary.
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How decisions get made
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Once a panel makes a draft decision, it’s circulated to the full board, which can recommend a new panel review if a majority take issue with the verdict. Once they’ve gone through a privacy review to protect the identities of those involved with the case, the decisions will be made public within two weeks and affected users will be notified. Those decisions will be archived in a database, and are meant to act as precedent for future decisions. The idea is that the decisions of the board will be binding and implemented by Facebook as long as they don’t require it to violate the law.
n
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But will Facebook really implement them?
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The biggest concern with the charter is that it still provides Facebook some leeway about how to implement the board’s decisions. Critically, it only has to apply the decision to the specific case reviewed, and it’s at the company’s discretion to turn that into blanket policy:
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In instances where Facebook identifies that identical content with parallel context — which the board has already decided upon — remains on Facebook, it will take action by analyzing whether it is technically and operationally feasible to apply the boardu2019s decision to that content as well. When a decision includes policy guidance or a policy advisory opinion, Facebook will take further action by analyzing the operational procedures required to implement the guidance, considering it in the formal policy development process of Facebook . . . Facebook will support the board to the extent that requests are technically and operationally feasible and consistent with a reasonable allocation of Facebooku2019s resources.
n
Because of these sections I’ve bolded, Facebook has the ability to decide it would be operationally infeasible to do what the board decided in every situation, merely take the guidance into account for future policy-making and choose whether implementation is a reasonable allocation of capital and staff. This provides a sizable gray area.
n
If Facebook chooses that the board’s decision could materially reduce sharing even if it protected users, it might consider that operationally infeasible. If it would cost too much to moderate content in the way the board recommends, it could deem that unreasonable resource allocation. And if the policy guidance doesn’t mesh with its other objectives, it only has to “consider” the board’s wishes.
n
n
This section is where advocates and critics should focus. These exemptions to implementation need to be made less vague if the structure is truly going to hold Facebook accountable. If Facebook just declines to broadly change its policy to fit the board’s recommendation, all the board can do is make binding decisions on specific cases.
n
Facebook director of governance Brent Harris explained on a call with reporters that “If the board doesn’t feel like we’ve handled it right, they’ll keep taking cases and overturn us.” But again the board’s power is focused on a case-by-case basis. Facebook still controls the wide-reaching changes to policy.
n
If you want to learn more about solutions to Facebook’s concentration of power, check out my talk at SXSW 2020 with Facebook’s co-founder Chris Hughes, who has called for the company to be broken up.
n
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A real check to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s control is finally coming in the form of an 11 to 40-member Oversight Board that will review appeals to its policy decisions, like content takedowns, and make recommendations for changes. Today Facebook released the charter establishing the theoretically independent Oversight Board, with Zuckerberg explaining that when it […]
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Josh Constine is a technology journalist who specializes in deep analysis of social products. He is currently an Editor-At-Large for TechCrunch and is available for speaking engagements.
nn
Previously, Constine was the Lead Writer of Inside Facebook through its acquisition by WebMediaBrands, covering everything about the social network.
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Constine graduated from Stanford University in 2009 with a Master's degree in Cybersociology, examining the influence of technology on social interaction. He researched the impact of privacy controls on the socialization of children, meme popularity cycles, and what influences the click through rate of links posted to Twitter.
nn
Constine also received a Bachelor of Arts degree with honors from Stanford University in 2007, with a concentration in Social Psychology & Interpersonal Processes.
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Josh Constine is an experienced public speaker, and has moderated over 120 on-stage interviews in 15 countries with leaders including Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, whistleblower Edward Snowden (via on-stage video conference), and U.S. Senator Cory Booker. He is available to moderate panels and fireside chats, deliver keynotes, and judge hackathon and pitch competitions.
nn
Constine has been quoted by The Wall Street Journal, CNN Money, The Atlantic, BBC World Magazine, Slate, and more, plus has been featured on television on Good Morning, America, The Today Show, China Central Television, and Fox News. Constine is ranked as the #1 most cited tech journalist on prestigious news aggregator Techmeme.
nn
[Disclosures: Josh Constine temporarily advised a college friend's social location-sharing startup codenamed 'Signal' that was based in San Francisco before dissolving in 2015. This advising role was cleared with AOL and TechCrunch's editors and has concluded. Constine's fiancu00e9e Andee Gardiner co-founded startup accelerator Founders Embassy. Constine's cousin Darren Lachtman is the founder of influencer advertising startup Niche that was acquired by Twitter, and he's since left and founded teen content studio Brat. Constine does not write about Founders Embassy or Brat. Constine has personal acquaintances stemming from college housing circa 2007 with founders at Skybox Imaging (now Terra Bella), Hustle, Snapchat, and Robinhood, but does not maintain close social ties with them nor does that influence his writing. Constine occasionally does paid speaking engagements at conferences, but only those funded by companies he does not cover. Constine owns a small position in Ethereum and Bitcoin cryptocurrencies, does not day-trade, and discloses his positions directly in articles where appropriate. Constine does not do consulting, angel investing, or public stock trading beyond public stock invesments by his parents' estate that he has no role in managing or advising.]
Start by removing the ability for advertisers to write their own headlines for news articles they are promoting.
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Fakebook was founded on overt theft and deception, and it will perish by its own ongoing evil.
n"},"link":"https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/17/facebook-oversight-board/#comment-673019","type":"comment","author_avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b754eef8128d0724750c038787218fa9?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b754eef8128d0724750c038787218fa9?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b754eef8128d0724750c038787218fa9?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"techcrunch":{"avatar":"https://ct.yimg.com/cy/1768/39361574426_98028a_64sq.jpg","company":"(no company found)","title":"(no title found)","user":"UOOL2VXXPCWW63JIKYIHZUPO4Q"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/673019"}],"collection":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"post_type":"post","href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1882773"}]}},{"id":673022,"parent":0,"author":0,"author_name":"Herr Trigger","author_url":"","date":"2019-09-17T21:09:46","content":{"rendered":"
So a few Republican senators ask Facebook to look into the bias on display in their censorship decision making process and its “bullying”. A Democratic senator demands Amazon respond to his list of questions about the relationship between Ring and police departments and demands they respond by a certain date…. and that’s being “socially conscious”? Just checking.
n"},"link":"https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/17/facebook-oversight-board/#comment-673022","type":"comment","author_avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4ecc781fe64569634096aeb362220c7?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4ecc781fe64569634096aeb362220c7?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f4ecc781fe64569634096aeb362220c7?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"techcrunch":{"avatar":"https://ct.yimg.com/cy/1768/39361574426_98028a_64sq.jpg","company":"(no company found)","title":"(no title found)","user":"CLXFIPBXZGQG6FJMUBFYXBBZZP"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments/673022"}],"collection":[{"href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/comments"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"post_type":"post","href":"https://techcrunch.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1882773"}]}}]],"author":[{"id":1603003,"name":"Josh Constine","url":"","description":"","link":"https://techcrunch.com/author/josh-constine/","slug":"josh-constine","avatar_urls":{"24":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fd3b857e7f0024396cdbd36c4c102a5d?s=24&d=identicon&r=g","48":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fd3b857e7f0024396cdbd36c4c102a5d?s=48&d=identicon&r=g","96":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fd3b857e7f0024396cdbd36c4c102a5d?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"links":{"homepage":"http://www.JoshConstine.com","facebook":"http://www.facebook.com/JoshConstine","twitter":"https://twitter.com/joshconstine","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/joshconstine/","crunchbase":"https://www.crunchbase.com/person/josh-constine"},"position":"Editor-At-Large","cbDescription":"
Josh Constine is a technology journalist who specializes in deep analysis of social products. He is currently an Editor-At-Large for TechCrunch and is available for speaking engagements.
nn
Previously, Constine was the Lead Writer of Inside Facebook through its acquisition by WebMediaBrands, covering everything about the social network.
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Constine graduated from Stanford University in 2009 with a Master's degree in Cybersociology, examining the influence of technology on social interaction. He researched the impact of privacy controls on the socialization of children, meme popularity cycles, and what influences the click through rate of links posted to Twitter.
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Constine also received a Bachelor of Arts degree with honors from Stanford University in 2007, with a concentration in Social Psychology & Interpersonal Processes.
nn
Josh Constine is an experienced public speaker, and has moderated over 120 on-stage interviews in 15 countries with leaders including Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, whistleblower Edward Snowden (via on-stage video conference), and U.S. Senator Cory Booker. He is available to moderate panels and fireside chats, deliver keynotes, and judge hackathon and pitch competitions.
nn
Constine has been quoted by The Wall Street Journal, CNN Money, The Atlantic, BBC World Magazine, Slate, and more, plus has been featured on television on Good Morning, America, The Today Show, China Central Television, and Fox News. Constine is ranked as the #1 most cited tech journalist on prestigious news aggregator Techmeme.
nn
[Disclosures: Josh Constine temporarily advised a college friend's social location-sharing startup codenamed 'Signal' that was based in San Francisco before dissolving in 2015. This advising role was cleared with AOL and TechCrunch's editors and has concluded. Constine's fiancu00e9e Andee Gardiner co-founded startup accelerator Founders Embassy. Constine's cousin Darren Lachtman is the founder of influencer advertising startup Niche that was acquired by Twitter, and he's since left and founded teen content studio Brat. Constine does not write about Founders Embassy or Brat. Constine has personal acquaintances stemming from college housing circa 2007 with founders at Skybox Imaging (now Terra Bella), Hustle, Snapchat, and Robinhood, but does not maintain close social ties with them nor does that influence his writing. Constine occasionally does paid speaking engagements at conferences, but only those funded by companies he does not cover. Constine owns a small position in Ethereum and Bitcoin cryptocurrencies, does not day-trade, and discloses his positions directly in articles where appropriate. Constine does not do consulting, angel investing, or public stock trading beyond public stock invesments by his parents' estate that he has no role in managing or advising.]